The German Shepherd Dog was standardized by Max von Stephanitz in 1899 from the herding dogs of rural Germany, with a breed club and a working standard from the first day. It became the world's police, military, and service dog within a generation, and the AKC recognized it in 1908. It has been one of the five most registered breeds in the United States for decades.
Shepherd buyers ask about lines before anything else, and the answer shapes the whole sale. West German show lines, West German working lines, DDR and Czech lines, and American show lines are bred for different jobs and different homes. Families also ask about coat (stock coat or long stock coat), color, and whether the parents hold working titles or conformation ratings. A breeder who states all of that clearly on the site saves weeks of back and forth.
Health is where the breed's reputation has been hardest hit. Hip and elbow dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, bloat, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and allergies all run in the breed, and the AKC lists the life expectancy at 7 to 10 years. Responsible programs radiograph every breeding dog, DNA test for DM, and choose pairings for temperament as carefully as for structure.