Despite the name, the Australian Shepherd was developed in the American West, working stock on ranches and rodeo circuits through the 1900s. The breed was recognized by the AKC in 1991, and today it sits comfortably among the most popular breeds in the country, equal parts family companion, agility competitor, and working dog.
Aussies come in four base colors, blue merle, red merle, black, and red, each with or without white markings and copper points. Add eye color, which can be blue, amber, brown, or a mix, and families show up wanting a very specific dog. Most breeders spend real time explaining that a black tri with the same temperament is every bit the same Aussie, and that the merle pattern is a single gene that should never be doubled up.
Well-bred Aussies are sound and long-lived, but the breed has known concerns: hip and elbow dysplasia, inherited eye disease including cataracts and Collie eye anomaly, the MDR1 drug-sensitivity mutation, and epilepsy that runs in some lines. Responsible programs screen every generation, publish the results, and say plainly that this is a high-drive dog that needs a job.